RAID 6 provides enhanced fault tolerance by using double distributed parity, allowing it to withstand the failure of up to two hard drives simultaneously without data loss. This is achieved by storing two sets of parity information across all disks, unlike RAID 5 which uses only one parity set.
Key points about RAID 6:
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Double Parity: RAID 6 calculates and stores two parity blocks per data stripe, using complex algorithms such as Reed-Solomon error correction codes based on Galois field algebra. This double parity enables recovery from two simultaneous disk failures.
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Fault Tolerance: It can tolerate up to two disk failures, making it more reliable than RAID 5, which can only handle one. This is especially important during the rebuild process after a disk failure, which can take a long time and during which RAID 5 remains vulnerable to a second failure.
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Capacity: The usable capacity of a RAID 6 array is the total number of disks minus two (for the two parity disks) multiplied by the size of each disk. For example, with n disks, usable capacity = (n - 2) × disk size.
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Performance: RAID 6 has a slightly larger performance overhead than RAID 5 due to the complexity of calculating double parity, which can impact write speeds. However, read performance is generally comparable.
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Minimum Disks: RAID 6 requires at least four disks to implement, with a maximum typically around 18 disks per parity set.
In summary, RAID 6 is ideal for environments where data integrity and uptime are critical, offering robust protection against multiple simultaneous disk failures through its double parity scheme, albeit with some trade-offs in write performance and usable capacity.
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