RAID 5 balances performance and fault tolerance by combining disk striping with distributed parity across all drives in the array. It requires a minimum of three drives and stripes data and parity blocks evenly, which allows for fast read speeds similar to RAID 0 while providing fault tolerance through parity data that can reconstruct lost information if a single drive fails.
Key points about RAID 5 include:
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Performance: RAID 5 offers high read performance due to striping, but write performance is somewhat slower because parity data must be calculated and written simultaneously.
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Fault Tolerance: Parity information is distributed across all drives, enabling the system to recover data from a single failed drive without data loss. Drives can be hot-swapped, meaning a failed drive can be replaced without shutting down the system.
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Storage Efficiency: Compared to RAID 1 (mirroring), RAID 5 provides more usable storage capacity because it uses parity instead of duplicating all data.
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Limitations: RAID 5 can only tolerate one drive failure; if two drives fail simultaneously, data loss occurs. Additionally, rebuilding a failed drive can take significant time depending on disk size and system load, which may impact performance during the rebuild.
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Typical Use Cases: RAID 5 is ideal for file servers and applications requiring a good balance of speed, storage efficiency, and data protection with moderate fault tolerance.
In summary, RAID 5 effectively balances speed, storage capacity, and fault tolerance by using striping with parity, making it a popular choice for systems needing reliable data protection with efficient use of disk space.
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