RAID 1 offers read speeds that can be up to twice as fast as a single disk because read requests can be served from either mirrored disk simultaneously. However, its write speed is roughly equal to that of a single disk since data must be written identically to both disks.
RAID 10 (a combination of RAID 1 mirroring and RAID 0 striping) provides both fast read and write speeds. Reads can be performed in parallel from multiple disks, and writes benefit from striping, which splits data across mirrored pairs, effectively increasing write throughput compared to RAID 1 alone. This makes RAID 10 faster in both read and write operations than RAID 1, while still maintaining fault tolerance.
| Metric | RAID 1 | RAID 10 |
|---|---|---|
| Read Speed | Up to 2x single disk (parallel reads from mirrors) | Higher than RAID 1 (striping + mirroring) |
| Write Speed | Similar to single disk (mirrored writes) | Faster than RAID 1 (striped writes across mirrored sets) |
| Fault Tolerance | Yes (can survive one disk failure) | Yes (can survive multiple disk failures depending on which disks fail) |
| Usable Capacity | 50% of total disk capacity | 50% of total disk capacity |
In summary, RAID 10 outperforms RAID 1 in both read and write speeds due to its striping component, while RAID 1 provides good read performance but write speeds limited to a single disk's speed. Both offer fault tolerance by mirroring data, but RAID 10 is generally preferred when both speed and redundancy are critical.
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