RAID 10 and RAID 01 both combine mirroring and striping but differ mainly in fault tolerance and structure.
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Fault Tolerance: RAID 10 (also called RAID 1+0) offers better fault tolerance than RAID 01 (RAID 0+1). In RAID 10, disks are first mirrored in pairs, then striped. This means multiple disk failures can be tolerated as long as no mirrored pair loses all its disks. RAID 01 stripes disks first, then mirrors the entire stripe set, so failure of one disk in each stripe group can cause total data loss.
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Performance and Capacity: Both RAID 10 and RAID 01 provide similar read/write performance and usable storage capacity (about half of total raw disk capacity due to mirroring).
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Setup Complexity: RAID 10 is generally simpler to set up and manage than RAID 01.
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Reliability Probability: For example, with eight disks, RAID 10 has a much lower probability (~14.3%) of data loss from a second disk failure compared to RAID 01 (~57.1%).
Which to choose? Given the same number of disks, RAID 10 is usually the better choice because it provides the same performance and capacity as RAID 01 but significantly better fault tolerance and reliability. RAID 01 is rarely recommended or offered because of its higher risk of data loss.
Summary Table:
| Feature | RAID 10 (1+0) | RAID 01 (0+1) |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | Mirror first, then stripe | Stripe first, then mirror |
| Fault Tolerance | Higher; can survive multiple disk failures if not in same mirror pair | Lower; failure in each stripe group causes total failure |
| Performance | High (striping + mirroring) | High (striping + mirroring) |
| Usable Capacity | ~50% of total disk capacity | ~50% of total disk capacity |
| Setup Complexity | Simpler | More complex |
| Data Loss Risk | Lower (e.g., 14.3% chance on second disk failure with 8 disks) | Higher (e.g., 57.1% chance on second disk failure with 8 disks) |
In conclusion, RAID 10 is generally recommended over RAID 01 for better data protection without sacrificing performance or capacity.
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